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Antiarrhythmic agents, also known as cardiac dysrhythmia medications, are a class of drugs that are used to suppress abnormally fast rhythms (tachycardias), such as atrial fibrillation, supraventricular tachycardia and ventricular tachycardia. Many attempts have been made to classify antiarrhythmic agents.
Pharmacological cardiotoxicity is defined as cardiac damage that occurs under the action of a drug. This can occur both through damage of cardiac muscle as well as through alteration of the ion currents of cardiomyocytes. [1] Two distinct drug classes in which cardiotoxicity can occur are in anti-cancer and antiarrhythmic drugs.
Serious side effects may include cardiac arrest, arrhythmias, and heart failure. [1] It may be used in pregnancy, but has not been well studied in this population. [3] [4] Use is not recommended in those with structural heart disease or ischemic heart disease. [1] Flecainide is a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent. [1]
Amiodarone is an antiarrhythmic medication used to treat and prevent a number of types of cardiac dysrhythmias. [4] This includes ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, and wide complex tachycardia, atrial fibrillation, and paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia. [4]
The following are medications commonly prescribed cardiac pharmaceutical agents. The specificity of the following medications is highly variable, and often are not particularly specific to a given class. As such, they are listed as are commonly accepted.
Ibutilide is a Class III antiarrhythmic agent that is indicated for acute cardioconversion of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter of a recent onset to sinus rhythm. It exerts its antiarrhythmic effect by induction of slow inward sodium current, which prolongs action potential and refractory period of myocardial cells. Because of its Class ...
Potentially hazardous interactions with other drugs: Analgesics: increased risk of kidney damage (nephrotoxicity) with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs; antagonism of diuretic effect with NSAIDs; Antiarrhythmics: a risk of cardiac toxicity exists with antiarrhythmics if hypokalemia occurs; the effects of lidocaine and mexiletine are ...
The dose is 5–10 mg/kg and side effects are high blood pressure followed by low blood pressure and ventricular ectopy. Originally introduced in 1959 for the treatment of hypertension. [2] Its use as an antiarrhythmic for ventricular fibrillation was discovered and patented by Marvin Bacaner in 1969 at the University of Minnesota. [3]