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In terms of male fertility, ozone is reported to cause a significant decrease in the concentration and count of sperm in semen after exposure. [9] Similarly, sperm vitality, the proportion of live spermatozoa in a sample, was demonstrated to be diminished as a result of exposure to air pollution. [ 10 ]
Other effects directly influencing the sex of an individual include a decrease in number and quality of sperm and increased deficiency in a male's reproductive system. [ 13 ] Specifically looking at the effects of EDCs on sperm, these chemicals cause a premature release of a chemical that the sperm cells use to penetrate the egg's outer layer ...
High ratios of males have a positive effect on marital fertility and women's share of household consumption, and negative effects on non-marital cohabitation and fertility and women's labor supply. It has been shown that the labor supply of married women in the U.S., over time, varies inversely with the sex ratio. [83] [84]
A prolonged decline in male fertility in the form of sperm concentrations appears to be connected to the use of pesticides, according to a study published Nov. 15.
There is increasing evidence that the harmful products of tobacco smoking may damage the testicles [34] and kill sperm, [35] [36] but their effect on male fertility is not clear. [37] Some governments require manufacturers to put warnings on packets. Smoking tobacco increases intake of cadmium, because the tobacco plant absorbs the metal.
Social commentators have said that the wide-ranging consequences of male infertility necessitate the use of crisis, [13] since widespread involuntary childlessness can be viewed as a crisis. [14] Research analysis has found that amongst a sample of British newspapers in the 1990s, there was a recognizable discourse about a male fertility crisis ...
Health effects of pesticides may be acute or delayed in those who are exposed. [1] Acute effects can include pesticide poisoning, which may be a medical emergency. [2] Strong evidence exists for other, long-term negative health outcomes from pesticide exposure including birth defects, fetal death, [3] neurodevelopmental disorder, [4] cancer, and neurologic illness including Parkinson's disease ...
Reproductive toxicants may adversely affect sexual function, ovarian failure, fertility as well as causing developmental toxicity in the offspring. [2] [3] Lowered effective fertility related to reproductive toxicity relates to both male and female effects alike and is reflected in decreased sperm counts, semen quality and ovarian failure.