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428 Heart failure. 428.0 Congestive heart failure unspecified; 428.1 Left heart failure. Pulmonary edema, acute; 428.2 Systolic heart failure; 428.3 Diastolic heart failure; 428.4 Heart failure, combined, unspec. 429 Ill-defined descriptions and complications of heart disease. 429.0 Myocarditis unspecified; 429.1 Myocardial degeneration; 429.2 ...
According to ICD-10, hypertensive heart disease (I11), and its subcategories: hypertensive heart disease with heart failure (I11.0) and hypertensive heart disease without heart failure (I11.9) are distinguished from chronic rheumatic heart diseases (I05-I09), other forms of heart disease (I30-I52) and ischemic heart diseases (I20-I25).
Heart failure (HF), also known as congestive heart failure (CHF), is a syndrome caused by an impairment in the heart's ability to fill with and pump blood. Although symptoms vary based on which side of the heart is affected, HF typically presents with shortness of breath , excessive fatigue , and bilateral leg swelling . [ 3 ]
Rhythmicity and contractility of the heart may be normal, but the stiff walls of the heart chambers (atria and ventricles) keep them from adequately filling, reducing preload and end-diastolic volume. Thus, blood flow is reduced, and blood volume that would normally enter the heart is backed up in the circulatory system.
Volume status should still be adequately evaluated. Some heart failure patients on chronic diuretics can undergo excessive diuresis. In the case of diastolic dysfunction without systolic dysfunction, fluid resuscitation may, in fact, improve circulation by decreasing heart rate, which will allow the ventricles more time to fill.
Complications can include heart failure, heart valve disease, or an irregular heartbeat. [3] [4] Causes include genetics, alcohol, cocaine, certain toxins, complications of pregnancy, and certain infections. [8] [9] Coronary artery disease and high blood pressure may play a role, but are not the primary cause.
In clinical cardiology the term "diastolic function" is most commonly referred as how the heart fills. [1] Parallel to "diastolic function", the term " systolic function" is usually referenced in terms of the left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), which is the ratio of stroke volume and end-diastolic volume . [ 2 ]
[2] [5] [10] [11] Patients with noncompliant ventricles and diastolic dysfunction are particularly sensitive to loss of atrial contribution to ventricular filling and have a greater chance of developing the syndrome. This includes patients with cardiomyopathy (hypertensive, hypertrophic, restrictive) and elderly individuals. [5] [7] [10] [12]