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The largest three poverty-related diseases (PRDs)—AIDS, malaria, and tuberculosis—account for 18% of diseases in poor countries. [56] The disease burden of treatable childhood diseases in high-mortality, poor countries is 5.2% in terms of disability-adjusted life years but just 0.2% in the case of advanced countries. [56]
The lack of safe drinking water and poor sanitary conditions pose a major risk to public health. The mortality of children under the age of five was estimated at 11.9 percent in 2015, compared to 9.2 percent in Sub-Saharan Africa, with a high prevalence of waterborne diseases like diarrhea, cholera, dysentery and typhoid fever. [1] [15]
Poor sanitary conditions in the environment that can contribute to malnutrition and disease in children (Kibera, Kenya) The World Health Organization estimated in 2008 that globally, half of all cases of undernutrition in children under five were caused by unsafe water, inadequate sanitation, or insufficient hygiene. [6]
For example, diarrhea, a main cause of malnutrition and stunted growth in children, can be reduced through adequate sanitation. [3] There are many other diseases which are easily transmitted in communities that have low levels of sanitation, such as ascariasis (a type of intestinal worm infection or helminthiasis ), cholera , hepatitis , polio ...
Many adolescent girls and women of menstruating age live in poor socio-economic environments. 663 million people lack basic access to safe water, and 2.4 billion people lack adequate access to basic sanitary conditions. [15] For women and girls, the lack of safe, accessible water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) is particularly troubling during ...
In South Africa, excess female mortality between 10 and 50 years of age rose from close to zero to 74,000 deaths per year in 2008. In impoverished populations, there are pronounced differences in the types of illnesses and injuries men and women contract. According to Ward, poor women have more heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and infant mortality.
The usual cause of death is dehydration. Most cases of diarrheal illness and death occur in developing countries because of unsafe water, poor sanitation, and insufficient hygiene. Other waterborne diseases do not cause diarrhea; instead these diseases can cause malnutrition, skin infections, and organ damage. [3]
Contaminated drinking water, along with poor sanitation, are linked to transmission of water-related diseases such as cholera, diarrhoea, dysentery, hepatitis A, typhoid and polio. [31] Due to drinking contaminated water, diarrheal disease is the third most commonly reported illness at health centers across Ghana. 25% of all deaths in children ...