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Xenotime has a variable habit: It may be prismatic (stubby or slender and elongate) with dipyramidal terminations, in radial or granular aggregates, or rosettes. A soft mineral (Mohs hardness 4.5), xenotime is—in comparison to most other translucent minerals—fairly dense, with a specific gravity between 4.4–5.1.
The mineral species Xenotime-(Gd) was approved by the IMA in 2023, [3] a description of the mineral was published in 2024 based on crystals found within gadolinium rich xenotime-(Y) sampled at the Zimná Voda quartz vein near Prakovce. [4] Besides yttrium, the examined type material bore further rare earth elements such as dysprosium, samarium ...
A sample of the mineral xenotime (YPO 4) Yttrium phosphate , YPO 4 , is the phosphate salt of yttrium . [ 1 ] It occurs in nature as minerals xenotime [ 2 ] and weinschenkite.
The xenotime group is a grouping of minerals containing anhydrous phosphates and vanadates. Xenotime group members. Members of the xenotime group include: [1]
It is a colourless to pale yellow mineral with a vitreous luster. It has a tetragonal crystalline structure, and has the chemical makeup of Y(AsO₄), which is yttrium, arsenic, and oxygen, at a 1:1:4 ratio. It has a specific gravity of 4.866g/cm3. [1] Chernovite-(Y) is part of the Xenotime group.
Xenotime, a REE phosphate, is the main HREE ore containing as much as 60% yttrium as yttrium phosphate (YPO 4). [56] This applies to xenotime-(Y). [61] [64] [60] The largest mine is the Bayan Obo deposit in China, making China the largest exporter for HREE since the closure of the Mountain Pass mine in the 1990s. [56] [58]
This mineral is typically mined in placer deposits, with gold commonly found as a byproduct. [25] The rare earth element neodymium is found in monazite, making it a rare mineral. [ 25 ] Moreover, monazite contains many other rare metals such as cerium , lanthanum , praseodymium , and samarium, making it a critical source of renewable energy. [ 26 ]
Xenotime has the highest fractionating power, then garnet and then monazite. In a simplified case of a clockwise P-T path involving garnet and monazite, garnet grows along a prograde path with Y continuously being incorporated, thus the Y content in monazite formed at this stage (prograde) should decrease progressively with higher grade.