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Systemic IL-2 has a narrow therapeutic window, and the level of dosing usually determines the severity of the side effects. [38] In the case of local IL-2 application, the therapeutic window spans several orders of magnitude. [35] Some common side effects: [33] flu-like symptoms (fever, headache, muscle and joint pain, fatigue) nausea/vomiting
[15] [16] The most common (≥ 1%) side effects associated with tildrakizumab treatment are upper respiratory infections, headache, gastroenteritis, nausea, diarrhoea, injection site pain, and back pain. [2] [3] In the reSURFACE 1 and 2 clinical trials, the overall incidence of side effects was low and comparable to placebo.
These drugs act by binding the IL-2a receptor's α chain, preventing the IL-2 induced clonal expansion of activated lymphocytes and shortening their survival. They are used in the prophylaxis of the acute organ rejection after bilateral kidney transplantation, both being similarly effective and with only few side-effects. [citation needed]
Common side effects in clinical trials included headache (19% of patients under mepolizumab treatment versus 18% under placebo), injection site reactions (8% versus 3%), infections of the urinary tract (3% versus 2%) and the lower respiratory tract, eczema and muscle spasms (both 3% versus <1%).
The FDA prescribing information for canakinumab (Ilaris) includes a warning for potential increased risk of serious infections due to IL-1 blockade. [4] Macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) is a known, life-threatening disorder that may develop in people with rheumatic conditions, in particular Still's disease, and should be aggressively ...
Siltuximab is a chimeric monoclonal antibody that binds to interleukin-6 (IL-6), preventing binding to soluble and membrane bound interleukin-6 receptors. Siltuximab interferes with IL-6 mediated growth of B-lymphocytes and plasma cells, secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor and autoimmune phenomena. [2]
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Other common side effects included injection site reactions such as redness and pain (13–17% versus 3%), [16] oropharyngeal pain (1%) and nausea (1–2%). [10] Other common adverse effects (≥5.0%) include nasopharyngitis , upper respiratory tract infection , arthralgia , headache, back pain, hypertension , bronchitis , diarrhea, sinusitis ...