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Earth radius (denoted as R 🜨 or R E) is the distance from the center of Earth to a point on or near its surface. Approximating the figure of Earth by an Earth spheroid (an oblate ellipsoid), the radius ranges from a maximum (equatorial radius, denoted a) of nearly 6,378 km (3,963 mi) to a minimum (polar radius, denoted b) of nearly 6,357 km (3,950 mi).
A Minkowski diagram is a two-dimensional graphical depiction of a portion of Minkowski space, usually where space has been curtailed to a single dimension. The units of measurement in these diagrams are taken such that the light cone at an event consists of the lines of slope plus or minus one through that event. [ 3 ]
^ Surface gravity derived from the mass m, the gravitational constant G and the radius r: Gm/r 2. ^ Escape velocity derived from the mass m, the gravitational constant G and the radius r: √ (2Gm)/r. ^ Orbital speed is calculated using the mean orbital radius and the orbital period, assuming a circular orbit. ^ Assuming a density of 2.0
For Earth-orbiting satellites, the reference plane is usually the Earth's equatorial plane, and for satellites in solar orbits it is the ecliptic plane. The intersection is called the line of nodes , as it connects the reference body (the primary) with the ascending and descending nodes.
Circular orbits with r between 1.5r s and 3r s are unstable, and no circular orbits exist for r < 1.5r s. The circular orbit of minimum radius 1.5r s corresponds to an orbital velocity approaching the speed of light. It is possible for a particle to have a constant value of r between r s and 1.5r s, but only if some force acts to keep it there.
While the mean Earth ellipsoid is the ideal basis of global geodesy, for regional networks a so-called reference ellipsoid may be the better choice. [1] When geodetic measurements have to be computed on a mathematical reference surface, this surface should have a similar curvature as the regional geoid; otherwise, reduction of the measurements ...
(110–210 Earth radii) 6.36×10 6 –1.27×10 7: The space dominated by Earth's magnetic field and its magnetotail, shaped by the solar wind. [17] Earth's orbit: 299.2 million km [b] 2 AU [c] 2.99×10 8: The average diameter of the orbit of the Earth relative to the Sun. Encompasses the Sun, Mercury and Venus. [18] Inner Solar System ~6.54 AU ...
Timeline of first images of Earth from space; Development of hypotheses Geocentric model – Heliocentrism – Historical models of the Solar System; Planets beyond Neptune; List of former planets; List of hypothetical Solar System objects in astronomy; Space exploration – Exploration by celestial body Exploration of Mercury; Observations and ...