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Czech orthography is a system of rules for proper formal writing (orthography) in Czech.The earliest form of separate Latin script specifically designed to suit Czech was devised by Czech theologian and church reformist Jan Hus, the namesake of the Hussite movement, in one of his seminal works, De orthographia bohemica (On Bohemian orthography).
Czech is a quantity language: it differentiates five vowel qualities that occur as both phonologically short and long. The short and long counterparts generally do not differ in their quality, although long vowels may be more peripheral than short vowels.
The significance of the document lies in the longevity and wide application of its logical system of diacritics. Its impact is apparent in the Grāmatyka Cžeſka w dwogij ſtránce , the first grammar of the Czech language, published in 1533, but the adoption of the new rules was relatively slow and far from uniform.
Czech in the cities, if it survived, was saturated with German lexical elements and calques and functionally, similarly to rural dialects, it was limited to the area of everyday life. The government policy with the aim of creating a unified Austrian nation, whose language was to be German, was ultimately made impossible by the revival process.
Some of these are used for transcription purposes by linguists; others are pedagogical in nature or intended as general orthographic reforms. International Phonetic Alphabet. X-SAMPA (and original SAMPA while not covering all of IPA), is an encoding of a phonetic alphabet, i.e. IPA, using just ASCII. Americanist phonetic notation; Uralic ...
An orthography is a set of conventions for writing a language, including norms of spelling, punctuation, word boundaries, capitalization, hyphenation, and emphasis.. Most national and international languages have an established writing system that has undergone substantial standardization, thus exhibiting less dialect variation than the spoken language.
A phonemic orthography is an orthography (system for writing a language) in which the graphemes (written symbols) correspond consistently to the language's phonemes (the smallest units of speech that can differentiate words), or more generally to the language's diaphonemes.
Czech is closely related to Slovak, to the point of high mutual intelligibility, as well as to Polish to a lesser degree. [7] Czech is a fusional language with a rich system of morphology and relatively flexible word order. Its vocabulary has been extensively influenced by Latin and German.