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The cultural critics Georg Simmel and Walter Benjamin examined and described the fetishes and fetishism of art, by means of which "artistic" commodities are produced for sale in the market, and how commodification determines and establishes the value of the artistic commodities (goods and services) derived from legitimate Art; for example, the ...
For Polanyi, the effort by classical and neoclassical economics to make society subject to the free market was a utopian project and, as Polanyi scholars Fred Block and Margaret Somers claim, "When these public goods and social necessities (what Polanyi calls "fictitious commodities") are treated as if they are commodities produced for sale on the market, rather than protected rights, our ...
Marx extensively criticized the social impact of commodification under the name commodity fetishism and alienation. [17] Prior to being turned into a commodity, an object has a "specific individual use value". [18] After becoming a commodity, that same object has a different value: the amount for which it can be exchanged for another commodity ...
The critique of the spectacle is a development and application of Karl Marx's concept of fetishism of commodities, reification and alienation, [3] and the way it was reprised by György Lukács in 1923. In the society of the spectacle, commodities rule the workers and consumers, instead of being ruled by them; in this way, individuals become ...
In Marx's theory, a commodity is something that is bought and sold, or exchanged in a relationship of trade. [4] It has value, which represents a quantity of human labor. [5] Because it has value, implies that people try to economise its use. A commodity also has a use value [6] and an exchange value. [7]
A fetish is an object believed to have supernatural powers, or in particular, a human-made object that has power over others. Essentially, fetishism is the attribution of inherent non-material value, or powers, to an object. Talismans and amulets are related. Fetishes are often used in spiritual or religious context.
That's probably what comes to mind when thinking about the black market -- but the illegal trade is more varied than you may think, and it also encompasses household products like maple syrup and ...
Commodity fetishism is the relation of production and exchange of social relationships involving money and merchandise. [21] [18] The use of fetishism towards females has been occurring for decades, but within the use of ads in the consumerism increase, this commodity fetishism has created commodity feminism. Consumerism has taken over enough ...