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Systems of measure either define mass and derive a force unit or define a base force and derive a mass unit [1] (cf. poundal, a derived unit of force in a mass-based system). A slug is defined as a mass that is accelerated by 1 ft/s 2 when a net force of one pound (lbf) is exerted on it. [2]
The pound of force or pound-force (symbol: lbf, [1] sometimes lb f, ... A pound-force is the amount of force required to accelerate a slug at a rate of 1 ft/s 2, so:
That is, one pound-force will accelerate one pound-mass at 32 feet per second squared; we can scale up the unit of mass to compensate, which will be accelerated by 1 ft/s 2 (rather than 32 ft/s 2) given the application of one pound force; this gives us a unit of mass called the slug, which is about 32 pounds mass. Using this system (slugs and ...
Another variant of the FPS system uses both the pound-mass and the pound-force, but neither the slug nor the poundal. The resulting system is sometimes also known as the English engineering system. Despite its name, the system is based on United States customary units of measure; it is not used in England. [6]
The avoirdupois pound is legally defined as a measure of mass, [25] but the name pound is also applied to measures of force. For instance, in many contexts, the pound avoirdupois is used as a unit of mass, but in some contexts, the term "pound" is used to refer to "pound-force". The slug is another unit of mass derived from pound-force.
Force required to accelerate a mass of one pound-mass by 1 ft/s 2: 0.1383 N Force pound force: lbf BGS, EEU: Force exerted on a mass of one pound due to gravity 4.448 N Mass slug: BGS mass which, when subjected to a force of one pound-force, accelerates by 1 ft/sec 2: 14.59 kg Mass pound-mass: lbm EEU
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The pound-force has a metric counterpart, less commonly used than the newton: the kilogram-force (kgf) (sometimes kilopond), is the force exerted by standard gravity on one kilogram of mass. The kilogram-force leads to an alternate, but rarely used unit of mass: the metric slug (sometimes mug or hyl) is that mass that accelerates at 1 m·s −2 ...