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The American Dental Association uses the term oral and maxillofacial pathology, and describes it as "the specialty of dentistry and pathology which deals with the nature, identification, and management of diseases affecting the oral and maxillofacial regions. It is a science that investigates the causes, processes and effects of these diseases."
Maxillofacial surgery Maxillary hypoplasia , or maxillary deficiency , is an underdevelopment of the bones of the upper jaw . It is associated with Crouzon syndrome , Angelman syndrome , as well as Fetal alcohol syndrome .
When failure of tissues to fuse together that are forming early in pregnancy, defect can happen and jaw is incomplete. [46] For example, cleft lip and palate when one of the jaw's embryological processes failed to fuse together or the agenesis of the condylar process of the mandible, which may be seen in hemifacial microsomia. [46]
Folic acid alone or in combination with vitamins and minerals prevents neural tube defects but does not have a clear effect on cleft lip palate incidence. [53] The mechanism behind beneficial folate supplementation is due to folate playing a pivotal role in DNA synthesis and methylation and contributes to both development and gene expression.
It is estimated that nearly 30% of the general population present with malocclusions that are in great need of orthodontic treatment. [1] However, the term dentofacial deformity describes an array of dental and maxillo-mandibular abnormalities, often presenting with a malocclusion, which is not amenable to orthodontic treatment alone and definitive treatment needs surgical alignment of upper ...
Cemento-osseous dysplasia (COD) is a benign condition of the jaws that may arise from the fibroblasts of the periodontal ligaments.It is most common in middle-aged females of African descent.
Hemifacial microsomia (HFM) is a congenital disorder that affects the development of the lower half of the face, most commonly the ears, the mouth and the mandible.It usually occurs on one side of the face, but both sides are sometimes affected.
Long face syndrome, also referred to as skeletal open bite, [1] is a relatively common condition characterised by excessive vertical facial development. [2] Its causes may be either genetic or environmental.