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A function f is concave over a convex set if and only if the function −f is a convex function over the set. The sum of two concave functions is itself concave and so is the pointwise minimum of two concave functions, i.e. the set of concave functions on a given domain form a semifield.
A saddle joint (sellar joint, [1] [2] articulation by reciprocal reception [citation needed]) is a type of synovial joint in which the opposing surfaces are reciprocally concave and convex. It is found in the thumb , the thorax , the middle ear , and the heel .
The apex may be rounded, pointed, or falcate (produced and concave below). The termen tends to be straight or concave on the forewing while it is usually more or less convex on the hindwing. The termen is often crenulate or dentate, i.e. produced at each vein and concave in between them. The dorsum is normally straight but may be concave. [11]
At the apical vertebra, average bone density for the concave cortical bone is higher than for the convex cortical bone, and cancellous bone density is higher for the concave side than for the convex side. [15] The concave side of a vertebra is less porous and has a thicker cortical bone than the convex side, which is consistent with Wolff's law ...
In humans and other apes, it is trochleariform (or trochleiform), as opposed to cylindrical in most monkeys and conical in some prosimians. [1] It presents a deep depression between two well-marked borders; it is convex from before backward, concave from side to side, and occupies the anterior, lower, and posterior parts of the extremity.
It is smooth, convex, broader above and below than in the center. From the upper three-fourths of this surface the vastus intermedius arises; the lower fourth is separated from the muscle by the intervention of the synovial membrane of the knee-joint and a bursa; from the upper part of it the articularis genus takes origin.
The highest point of the fundic convex is on a level with the sixth left costal cartilage. The greater curvature continues downward and forward, with a slight convexity to the left as low as the cartilage of the ninth rib; it then turns to the right, to the end of the pylorus .
The posterior talocalcaneal articulation is formed by a concave surface of the talus and a convex surface of the calcaneus. [ 3 ] The sustentaculum tali forms the floor of middle facet, and the anterior facet articulates with the head of the talus, and sits lateral and congruent to the middle facet.