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For more than one-and-a-half centuries, the Juneteenth holiday has been sacred to many Black communities. It marks the day in 1865 enslaved people in Galveston, Texas found out they had been freed ...
[44] [12] The Black community began using the word Juneteenth for Jubilee Day early in the 1890s. [8] The word Juneteenth appeared in print in the Brenham Weekly Banner, a white newspaper from Brenham, Texas, as early as 1891. [52] Mentions of Juneteenth celebrations outside of Texas appeared as early as 1909 in Shreveport, Louisiana. [53]
Texas seceded from the United States in 1861 and joined the Confederate States of America on the eve of the American Civil War. It replaced the pro-Union governor, Sam Houston, in the process. During the war, slavery in Texas was little affected, and prices for enslaved people remained high until the last few months of the war.
The White Scourge: Mexicans, Blacks, and Poor Whites in Texas Cotton Culture (University of California Press, 1997). Glasrud, Bruce A. and Merline Pitre. Black Women in Texas History (2008) Glasrud, Bruce A. et al eds. African Americans in Central Texas History From Slavery to Civil Rights (2019); scholarly essays online
Texas officially declared Juneteenth a holiday in 1980. At least 28 states and the District of Columbia now legally recognize Juneteenth as state holidays and give state workers a paid day off.
Therefore, it took until June 19, 1865, for slaves in Texas to be freed. Slavery in America was formally abolished with the 13th Amendment, which was ratified Dec. 6, 1865.
History.com: “Texas passes a bill becoming the first state in the nation to make Juneteenth an official state holiday” Texas State Library and Archives Commission: “Texas Remembers ...
Galveston Texas June 19th 1865. General Orders No. 3. The people of Texas are informed that, in accordance with a proclamation from the Executive of the United States, all slaves are free. This involves an absolute equality of personal rights and rights of property between former masters and slaves, and the connection heretofore existing between them be