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Barbara McClintock (June 16, 1902 – September 2, 1992) was an American scientist and cytogeneticist who was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine. McClintock received her PhD in botany from Cornell University in 1927. There she started her career as the leader of the development of maize cytogenetics, the focus of her ...
Barbara McClintock first discovered and described DNA transposons in Zea mays, [18] during the 1940s; this is an achievement that would earn her the Nobel Prize in 1983. She described the Ac/Ds system where the Ac unit (activator) was autonomous but the Ds genomic unit required the presence of the activator in order to move.
Transposition often results in duplication of the same genetic material. The discovery of mobile genetic elements earned Barbara McClintock a Nobel Prize in 1983. [3] Further research into transposons has potential for use in gene therapy, and the finding of new drug targets in personalized medicine.
Its discovery was based on studying its genetic behavior, i.e., "jumping genes" in maize and published by Barbara McClintock, [3] [4] leading to her 1983 Nobel Prize in Medicine. The Ac/Ds transposable elements were first isolated and sequenced By Fedoroff et al. 1983 [5] using insertions of Ac and Ds into the well-studied Waxy(Wx1) gene.
Transposon mutagenesis was first studied by Barbara McClintock in the mid-20th century during her Nobel Prize-winning work with corn. McClintock received her BSc in 1923 from Cornell’s College of Agriculture. By 1927 she had her PhD in botany, and she immediately began working on the topic of maize chromosomes. [3]
The hAT transposon superfamily includes the first transposon discovered, Ac from Zea mays , first reported by Barbara McClintock. [1] [5] McClintock was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1983 for this discovery. [6]
These viral agents are thought to have arisen from secreted or ejected plasmids of other organisms. Transposons also provide insight into how these elements may have originally started. This theory is known as the vagrancy hypothesis proposed by Barbara McClintock in 1950. [21] [1] [22] [4] [23]
Barbara McClintock discovered transposable elements (also known as transposons and jumping genes), DNA sequences which change their position within the genome. Transposons make up a large fraction of the DNA in eukaryotic cells (44% if the human genome [ 85 ] and 90% of the maize genome [ 86 ] [ 87 ] ) and play an important role in genome ...