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After observing the system for two and a half years, four independent tests of general relativity were possible, the most precise (the Shapiro delay) confirming the general relativity prediction within 0.05% [105] (nevertheless the periastron shift per orbit is only about 0.0013% of a circle and thus it is not a higher-order relativity test).
Einstein considered this the finest description of the theory of relativity in any language. [3] Charles Steinmetz (1923) Four Lectures on Relativity and Space; Ludwik Silberstein (1924) The Theory of Relativity, 2nd edition, enlarged @ Internet Archive; G. D. Birkhoff (1926) Relativity and Modern Physics, Google Books snippets
This book can be downloaded free of charge from www.lightandmatter.com in a variety of formats, including editable formats. Licensing This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.
These three experiments justified adopting general relativity over Newton's theory and, incidentally, over a number of alternatives to general relativity that had been proposed. Further tests of general relativity include precision measurements of the Shapiro effect or gravitational time delay for light, measured in 2002 by the Cassini space probe.
The essential mathematical methods for the formulation of general relativity are presented in Chapters 2 and 3 while more advanced techniques are discussed in Appendices A to C. Wald believes that this is the best way forward because putting all the mathematical techniques at the beginning of the book would prove to be a major obstruction for ...
The Eddington experiment was an observational test of general relativity, organised by the British astronomers Frank Watson Dyson and Arthur Stanley Eddington in 1919. The observations were of the total solar eclipse of 29 May 1919 and were carried out by two expeditions, one to the West African island of Príncipe , and the other to the ...
This is the standard technical reference for tests of general relativity. Will, Clifford M.; Was Einstein Right?: Putting General Relativity to the Test, Basic Books (1993). This is a popular account of tests of general relativity. Friedman, Michael; Foundations of Space-Time Theories, Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1983 ...
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