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Genetic equilibrium describes a theoretical state that is the basis for determining whether and in what ways populations may deviate from it. Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium is one theoretical framework for studying genetic equilibrium. It is commonly studied using models that take as their assumptions those of Hardy-Weinberg, meaning:
In population genetics, the Hardy–Weinberg principle, also known as the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, model, theorem, or law, states that allele and genotype frequencies in a population will remain constant from generation to generation in the absence of other evolutionary influences.
Equilibrium unfolding, the process of unfolding a protein or RNA molecule by gradually changing its environment; Genetic equilibrium, theoretical state in which a population is not evolving; Homeostasis, the ability of an open system, especially living organisms, to regulate its internal environment; Punctuated equilibrium, theory in ...
This equilibrium frequency is potentially substantially larger than for the case of partial dominance, because a large number of mutant alleles are carried in heterozygotes and are shielded from selection. Many properties of a non random mating population can be explained by a random mating population whose effective population size is adjusted ...
A heatmap showing the linkage disequilibrium between genetic loci, detected using the GAM method. More robust visualization options are also available, like the textile plot. In a textile plot, combinations of alleles at a certain loci can be linked with combinations of alleles at a different loci.
However, the punctuational equilibrium model may still be inferred from both the observation of stasis and examples of rapid and episodic speciation events documented in the fossil record. [70] Dawkins also emphasizes that punctuated equilibrium has been "oversold by some journalists", [71] but partly due to Eldredge and Gould's "later writings ...
1908: G.H. Hardy and Wilhelm Weinberg proposed the Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium model which describes the frequencies of alleles in the gene pool of a population, which are under certain specific conditions, as constant and at a state of equilibrium from generation to generation unless specific disturbing influences are introduced.
K80, the Kimura 1980 model, [3] often referred to as Kimura's two parameter model (or the K2P model), distinguishes between transitions (, i.e. from purine to purine, or , i.e. from pyrimidine to pyrimidine) and transversions (from purine to pyrimidine or vice versa). In Kimura's original description of the model the α and β were used to ...