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In computer programming, an iterator is an object that progressively provides access to each item of a collection, in order. [1] [2] [3]A collection may provide multiple iterators via its interface that provide items in different orders, such as forwards and backwards.
In object-oriented programming, the iterator pattern is a design pattern in which an iterator is used to traverse a container and access the container's elements. The iterator pattern decouples algorithms from containers; in some cases, algorithms are necessarily container-specific and thus cannot be decoupled.
Iterators constitute alternative language constructs to loops, which ensure consistent iterations over specific data structures. They can eventually save time and effort in later coding attempts. In particular, an iterator allows one to repeat the same kind of operation at each node of such a data structure, often in some pre-defined order.
Python is a high-level, general-purpose programming language. Its design philosophy emphasizes code readability with the use of significant indentation. [33] Python is dynamically type-checked and garbage-collected. It supports multiple programming paradigms, including structured (particularly procedural), object-oriented and functional ...
It implicitly calls the IntoIterator::into_iter method on the expression, and uses the resulting value, which must implement the Iterator trait. If the expression is itself an iterator, it is used directly by the for loop through an implementation of IntoIterator for all Iterators that returns the iterator unchanged.
Iterators like those in CLU are now a common feature of many modern languages, such as C#, Ruby, and Python, though recently they are often referred to as generators. CLU also includes exception handling , based on various attempts in other languages; exceptions are raised using signal and handled with except .
Threads provide facilities for managing the real-time cooperative interaction of simultaneously executing pieces of code. Threads are widely available in environments that support C (and are supported natively in many other modern languages), are familiar to many programmers, and are usually well-implemented, well-documented and well-supported.
Similarly, the idea of immutable data from functional programming is often included in imperative programming languages, [108] for example the tuple in Python, which is an immutable array, and Object.freeze() in JavaScript.