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Phaseolus coccineus, known as runner bean, [2] scarlet runner bean, [2] or multiflora bean, [2] is a plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. Another common name is butter bean, [3] [4] [5] which, however, can also refer to the lima bean, a different species. It is grown both as a food plant and an ornamental plant.
The seeds are poisonous, containing the toxin sesbanimide. Animals raised with the plant learn to avoid it because of the foul taste of the green and flowering plants. However, naive cattle, goats or sheep placed on pastures containing dried plants in late fall and winter are frequently poisoned. Sick animals often die within 24 hours.
Scarlet runner bean ... Grain legumes are cultivated for their seeds, [21] for humans and animals ... and the woody climbing vine Wisteria, have poisonous ...
Physostigma venenosum, the Calabar bean or ordeal bean, is a leguminous plant, Endemic to tropical Africa, with a seed poisonous to humans.It derives the first part of its scientific name from a curious beak-like appendage at the end of the stigma, in the centre of the flower; this appendage, though solid, was supposed to be hollow (hence the name from φῦσα, a bladder, and stigma).
The word 'bean', for the Old World vegetable, existed in Old English, [3] long before the New World genus Phaseolus was known in Europe. With the Columbian exchange of domestic plants between Europe and the Americas, use of the word was extended to pod-borne seeds of Phaseolus, such as the common bean and the runner bean, and the related genus Vigna.
The entire plant is poisonous to humans and animals but especially the roots, which contain cardiac glycosides. [161] [162] Menispermum spp. moonseed Menispermaceae: The fruits and seeds are poisonous, causing nausea and vomiting; often fatal. [citation needed] Mentha pulegium: pennyroyal, pennyrile Lamiaceae
All wild members of the species have a climbing habit, [4] [5] but many cultivars are classified either as bush beans or climbing beans, depending on their style of growth. The other major types of commercially grown beans are the runner bean (Phaseolus coccineus) and the broad bean . Beans are grown on every continent except Antarctica.
It is one of the most economically important legume genera. Five of the species have been domesticated since pre-Columbian times for their beans: P. acutifolius (tepary bean), P. coccineus (runner bean), P. dumosus (year bean), P. lunatus (lima bean), and P. vulgaris (common bean).