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The three water injection pumps each had a capacity of 221 m 3 /hr with a differential head of 2068.5 metres (209 bar). The pumps discharged to the 3,000 psi manifold and wellheads. The single water injection booster pump (221 m 3 /hr, 1,379 m (139 bar) differential head) took its suction from the discharge of the water injection pumps and ...
The typical recovery factor from water injection operations is about 30%, depending on the properties of the oil and the characteristics of the reservoir rock. On average, the recovery factor after primary and secondary oil recovery operations is between 35 and 45%.
By properly managing the production rates, greater benefits can be had from solution-gas drives. Secondary recovery involves the injection of gas or water to maintain reservoir pressure. The gas/oil ratio and the oil production rate are stable until the reservoir pressure drops below the bubble point when critical gas saturation is reached.
Injection well used for enhanced oil recovery. Enhanced oil recovery (abbreviated EOR), also called tertiary recovery, is the extraction of crude oil from an oil field that cannot be extracted otherwise. Whereas primary and secondary recovery techniques rely on the pressure differential between the surface and the underground well, enhanced oil ...
The water content can vary greatly from field to field. It may be present in large quantities for older fields, or if oil extraction is enhanced using water injection technology. The bulk of the water and sediment is usually separated at the field to minimize the quantity that needs to be transported further.
In the United States, there are about 800 deep injection waste disposal wells used by industries such as chemical manufacturers, petroleum refineries, food producers and municipal wastewater plants. [2] Most produced water generated by oil and gas extraction wells in the US is also disposed in deep injection wells. [3]
Steam injection is an increasingly common method of extracting heavy crude oil. Used commercially since the 1960s, [ 1 ] it is considered an enhanced oil recovery (EOR) method and is the main type of thermal stimulation of oil reservoirs.
The options include chemical flooding, thermal/steam injection, and CO 2 injection. [2] [6] One of the criteria for determining if CO 2 flooding is a candidate for the recovery of oil from the formation is the pressure of the formation. The miscibility of the CO 2 and the crude oil is
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