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The first Eighth Air Force aircraft to receive unit markings were the Spitfires of the 4th and 31st Fighter Groups training with RAF Fighter Command in September 1942. The markings were two-letter fuselage squadron codes located on one side of the national insignia and a single letter aircraft code on the other side.
Of all the early operators of military aircraft, Germany was unusual in not using circular roundels. After evaluating several possible markings, including a black, red, and white checkerboard, a similarly coloured roundel, and black stripes, it chose a black 'iron cross' on a square white field, as it was already in use on various flags, and reflected Germany's heritage as the Holy Roman Empire.
Types of aircraft markings include: Aircraft registration, unique alphanumeric string that identifies every aircraft; Invasion stripes, alternating black and white bands painted on the fuselages and wings of World War II Allied aircraft, for the purpose of increased recognition by friendly forces
A squadron code is a marking used on a military aircraft to visually identify the squadron that it is assigned to.. Squadron codes of the World War II era, notably for Royal Air Force (RAF) and United States Army Air Forces (USAAF) aircraft operating in Europe, typically consisted of two characters (commonly two letters; sometimes a letter and a number) to denote the squadron, plus a third ...
U.S. Army Signal Corps Curtiss JN-3 biplanes with red star insignia, 1915 Nieuport 28 with the World War 1 era American roundels. The first military aviation insignias of the United States include a star used by the US Army Signal Corps Aviation Section, seen during the Pancho Villa punitive expedition, just over a year before American involvement in World War I began.
The squadron code is usually presented along with an individual letter or character to form a call sign for the particular aircraft. Location of the call sign combination has usually been on the rear fuselage next to the RAF roundel. In instances when an unusually large numbers of aircraft comprise the squadron, multiple squadron codes have ...
Vultee XA-41 - Prototype ground attack aircraft; Culver PQ-8/A-8 - Radio-controlled target aircraft; Culver PQ-14 Cadet - Radio-controlled target aircraft; Curtiss A-12 Shrike - Attack bomber; Curtiss XA-14/Curtiss A-18 Shrike - Attack bomber; Curtiss-Wright AT-9 Jeep - Advanced twin-engine pilot trainer; Curtiss-Wright C-46 Commando - Transport
Tail codes on the U.S. Navy aircraft are the markings that help to identify the aircraft's unit and/or base assignment. These codes comprise one or two letters or digits painted on both sides of the vertical stabilizer, on the top right and on the bottom left wings near the tip.