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Charles Joseph Minard (/ m ɪ ˈ n ɑːr /; French:; 27 March 1781 – 24 October 1870) was a French civil engineer recognized for his significant contribution in the field of information graphics in civil engineering and statistics.
Napoleon III (Charles-Louis Napoléon Bonaparte; 20 April 1808 – 9 January 1873) was President of France from 1848 to 1852 and then Emperor of the French from 1852 until his deposition in 1870. He was the first president, second emperor, and last monarch of France.
A bar graph shows comparisons among discrete categories. One axis of the chart shows the specific categories being compared, and the other axis represents a measured value. Some bar graphs present bars clustered in groups of more than one, showing the values of more than one measured variable. These clustered groups can be differentiated using ...
Original - Charles Minard's 1869 chart details the losses of men, the position of the army, and the freezing temperatures on Napoleon's disastrous Russian campaign of 1812. Created in an effort to show the horrors of war, the graph "defies the pen of the historian in its brutal eloquence." Reason
It scored a series of victories that rolled back French successes, and trapped the French Army in Egypt. Napoleon slipped through the British blockade in October 1799, returning to Paris, where he overthrew the government and made himself the ruler. [96] [97] Napoleon conquered most of Italy in the name of the French Revolution in 1797–99.
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The Bonapartistes desired an empire under the House of Bonaparte, the Corsican family of Napoleon Bonaparte (Napoleon I of France) and his nephew Louis Napoleon (Napoleon III of France). [2] In the 21st century, the term is more generally used for political movements that advocate for an authoritarian centralised state , with a strongman and ...
The spread of democratic and secular ideas in Europe and North America in the 18th and 19th centuries made it increasingly difficult for monarchs to preserve this aura, though Napoleon III, [2] and Queen Victoria [3] appreciated its perpetuation in their carte-de-visite portraits which proliferated, circulated and were collected in the 19th ...