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Acetylene (systematic name: ethyne) is the chemical compound with the formula C 2 H 2 and structure H−C≡C−H.It is a hydrocarbon and the simplest alkyne. [8] This colorless gas is widely used as a fuel and a chemical building block.
English: Structural formula of the acetylene (ethyne) molecule, C 2 H 2, with bond lengths. The molecule belongs to the D ∞h point group . Structural information (determined by infrared spectroscopy) from CRC Handbook, 88 th edition .
It apply to an acetylene RC≡CM, where R = H or a side chain that is usually organic. [2] The nomenclature can be ambiguous with regards to the distinction between compounds of the type MC 2 R and M 2 C 2. When both hydrogens of acetylene are replaced by metals, the compound can also be called carbide, e.g. calcium carbide Ca 2+ C≡C 2−.
At one time, chloroprene (2-chloro-1,3-butadiene), an industrially important monomer, was produced via the intermediacy of vinyl acetylene. [7] In this process, acetylene is dimerized to give vinyl acetylene, which is then combined with hydrogen chloride to give 4-chloro-1,2-butadiene via 1,4-addition.
CaC 2 + 2H 2 O → C 2 H 2 + Ca(OH) 2 (aq) This reaction was the basis of the industrial manufacture of acetylene, and is the major industrial use of calcium carbide. Today acetylene is mainly manufactured by the partial combustion of methane or appears as a side product in the ethylene stream from cracking of hydrocarbons.
A variety of methods have been developed to synthesize polyacetylene. One of the most common methods is via passing acetylene gas over a Ziegler–Natta catalyst, such as Ti(OiPr) 4 /Al(C 2 H 5) 3. This method allows control over the structure and properties of the final polymer by varying temperature and catalyst loading. [13]
Diacetylene has been identified in the atmosphere of Titan and in the protoplanetary nebula CRL 618 by its characteristic vibrational spectrum.It is proposed to arise by a reaction between acetylene and the ethynyl radical (C 2 H), which is produced when acetylene undergoes photolysis.
As a fuel, acetylene's primary disadvantage in comparison to other fuels is its high price. As acetylene is unstable at a pressure roughly equivalent to 33 ft (10 m) underwater, water-submerged cutting and welding is reserved for hydrogen rather than acetylene. Compressed gas cylinders containing oxygen and MAPP gas