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The three clef symbols used in modern music notation are the G-clef, F-clef, and C-clef. Placing these clefs on a line fixes a reference note to that line—an F-clef fixes the F below middle C , a C-clef fixes middle C, and a G-clef fixes the G above middle C.
A G clef with the spiral centered on the second line of the staff is called treble clef. [2] The treble clef is the most commonly encountered clef in modern notation. Alto clef: C clef (Alto and Tenor clefs) The center of a C clef points to the line representing middle C.
In vocal music, the term High C (sometimes called Top C [5]) can refer to either the soprano's C 6 (1046.502 Hz; c ′ ′ ′ in Helmholtz notation) or the tenor's C 5; soprano written as the C two ledger lines above the treble clef, with the tenor voice the space above concert A, sung an octave lower. Sometimes written with “8v” below the ...
The bass clef or F clef identifies the second line down as the note F below middle C. While the treble and bass clef are the most widely used, other clefs, which identify middle C, are used for some instruments, such as the alto clef (for viola and alto trombone) and the tenor clef (used for some cello, bassoon, tenor trombone, and double bass ...
Middle C is named C 4 and is the start of the 4th octave. Higher octaves use successively higher number and lower octaves use successively lower numbers. The lowest note on most pianos is A 0, the highest is C 8. For instance, the standard 440 Hz tuning pitch is named A 4 in scientific notation and instead named a′ in Helmholtz notation.
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Since middle C lies within that range for most voices, the C-clef is the one most frequently used. For mixed voices, a typical combination of clefs would have the bass clef ( F on the fourth staff line) in the lowest voice, and tenor clef, alto clef and soprano clef ( middle C on the fourth, third, and first staff line respectively) in the ...
Very rarely, a centered line with a small C clef is written, and usually used to indicate that B, C, or D on the line can be played with either hand (ledger lines are not used from a center alto as this creates confusion). When playing the piano or harp, the upper staff is normally played with the right hand and the lower staff with the left hand.