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In 800, Charlemagne was crowned emperor in Rome by Pope Leo III. Although historians debate the coronation's significance, the title represented the height of his prestige and authority. Charlemagne's position as the first emperor in the West in over 300 years brought him into conflict with the Eastern Roman Empire in Constantinople.
Successors of Charlemagne were crowned in Rome for several centuries, where they received the imperial crown in St. Peter's Basilica from the pope. The Iron Crown of Lombardy (with the title King of Italy or King of the Lombards ) was conferred in the Church of St. Ambrose at Milan or at the cathedral of Monza , [ N 2 ] that of Burgundy at Arles .
Four of the five Ottonian emperors to rule also crowned themselves in Charlemagne's palace in Aachen, likely to establish a continuity between the Carolingians and themselves. Even with their dynasty originating from Charlemagne's arch-foe Saxony, Ottonians still linked their dynasty to the Carolingians, through direct and indirect means. [56]
Charlemagne went to Rome to oversee the restoration of Pope Leo III. At mass on Christmas Day, 25 December 800, Leo crowned Charlemagne as emperor and anointed Charles as a king. [29] Charles continued to be a key lieutenant and military leader for his father, [30] as Charlemagne rarely led armies directly in his later year. [31]
Duke of Sparta (Katharevousa: Δοὺξ τῆς Σπάρτης, Demotic Greek: Δούκας της Σπάρτης) was a title instituted in 1868 to designate the Crown Prince of the Kingdom of Greece. Its legal status was exceptional, as the Constitution of Greece forbade the award or acceptance of titles of nobility for Greek citizens ...
Behind Charlemagne, a child page holds the royal crown that he just took off to receive the imperial one. It is quite likely that the fresco refers to the Concordat of Bologna, negotiated between the Holy See and the kingdom of France in 1515, since Leo III is in fact a portrait of Leo X and Charlemagne a portrait of Francis I. [3]
Although modern Greece retains a set of crown jewels given to its first king Otto of Greece by his father Ludwig I of Bavaria, no Kings of Greece were ever crowned with them. All monarchs apart from Otto took office by a swearing-in ceremony in front of the Hellenic Parliament until the monarchy was abolished in 1974 by a referendum .
Statue of Charlemagne in front of Aachen's city hall. The site of Aachen was chosen by Charlemagne after careful consideration in a key moment of his reign. [4] Since his advent as King of the Franks, Charlemagne had led numerous military expeditions that had both filled his treasury and enlarged his realm, most notably towards the East.