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Cast iron rails, 4 feet (1.2 m) long, began to be used in the 1790s and by 1820, 15-foot-long (4.6 m) wrought iron rails were in use. The first steel rails were made in 1857 and standard rail lengths increased over time from 30 to 60 feet (9.1–18.3 m).
A baulk road crossing showing the baulks (under the rails) and transoms (to maintain the gauge). Baulk road is the name given to a type of railway track or 'rail road' that is formed using rails carried on continuous timber bearings, as opposed to the more familiar 'cross-sleeper' track that uses closely spaced sleepers or ties to give intermittent support to stronger rails.
In 1821, whilst an engineer at Bedlington Ironworks, Birkinshaw developed a new method of rolling wrought iron rails in 15 ft (4.6 m) lengths. [4]His son John Cass Birkinshaw (1811–1867) worked for Robert Stephenson as an assistant engineer on the London & Birmingham Railway (L&BR), then resident engineer on the Birmingham and Derby Junction Railway, and was engineer-in-chief for the Malton ...
Designs for decorative railings from 1771. Passers-by look for the phantom railings in Malet Street. An iron railing is a fence made of iron. This may either be wrought iron, which is ductile and durable and may be hammered into elaborate shapes when hot, or the cheaper cast iron, which is of low ductility and quite brittle. Cast iron can also ...
Bedlington Ironworks, in Blyth Dene, Northumberland, England, operated between 1736 and 1867.It is most remembered as the place where wrought iron rails were invented by John Birkinshaw in 1820, which triggered the railway age, with their first major use being in the Stockton and Darlington Railway opened in 1825, about 45 miles (72 km) to the south.
The rail profile is the cross sectional shape of a railway rail, perpendicular to its length. Early rails were made of wood, cast iron or wrought iron. All modern rails are hot rolled steel with a cross section approximate to an I-beam, but asymmetric about a horizontal axis (however see grooved rail below). The head is profiled to resist wear ...