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[10] [11] Tea has one of the highest contents of flavonoids among common food and beverage products. [7] Catechins are the largest type of flavonoids in growing tea leaves. [6] According to a report released by USDA, in a 200-ml cup of tea, the mean total content of flavonoids is 266.68 mg for green tea, and 233.12 mg for black tea. [7]
Freshly boiling water is poured into the pot to within 4–6 mm of the brim. Allow 20 seconds for water to cool. The water should be similar to the drinking water where the tea will be consumed. Brewing time is six minutes (for black tea), five minutes (for leafy green tea) and three minutes (for fanning green tea).
Epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), also known as epigallocatechin-3-gallate, is the ester of epigallocatechin and gallic acid, and is a type of catechin.. EGCG – the most abundant catechin in tea – is a polyphenol under basic research for its potential to affect human health and disease.
You could also choose brands that offer biodegradable or plastic-free tea bags made from natural fibers like paper or cotton, per Detwiler. But tea drinkers shouldn't panic over the findings.
Other more detailed chemical research has elucidated the difficulty of isolating individual phenolics. Because significant variation in phenolic content occurs among various brands of tea, there are possible [9] inconsistencies among epidemiological studies implying beneficial health effects of phenolic antioxidants of green tea blends.
Protocatechuic acid (PCA) is a dihydroxybenzoic acid, a type of phenolic acid. It is a major metabolite of antioxidant polyphenols found in green tea. It has mixed effects on normal and cancer cells in in vitro and in vivo studies. [4] It is produced commercially from vanillin. [5]
The main dietary sources of catechins in Europe and the United States are tea and pome fruits. [12] [13] Catechins and epicatechins are found in cocoa, [14] which, according to one database, has the highest content (108 mg/100 g) of catechins among foods analyzed, followed by prune juice (25 mg/100 ml) and broad bean pod (16 mg/100 g). [15]
Black tea is first withered to induce protein breakdown and reduce water content (68–77% of original). The leaves then undergo a process known in the industry as disruption or leaf maceration , which through bruising or cutting disrupts leaf cell structures, releasing the leaf juices and enzymes that activate oxidation.