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Water utilities abstract water from rivers and lakes (60%), springs (25%) and groundwater (15%). For example, the main water source for Jakarta is the Jatiluhur Dam on the Citarum River 70 km (43 mi) southeast of the city. For those who are self-supplied or receive water from community-based organizations, shallow groundwater and springs are by ...
To understand the context of water privatisation in Jakarta, it is useful to know the water use pattern of residents, in particular of the poor, the particular financial mechanism of the concessions in Jakarta, the various types of water resources on which the city relies, and about other water-related challenges that are not directly related to privatisation such as floods, groundwater ...
The area of the Jakarta Special District is 662 km 2 of land area and 6,977 km 2 of sea area. [2]Jakarta lies in a low, flat basin, averaging 7 metres (23 ft) above sea level; [citation needed] 40% of Jakarta, particularly the northern areas, is below sea level, [3] while the southern parts are comparatively hilly.
Floods have hit Jakarta several times in the past, including in 1621, 1654, 1918, 1942, 1976, 1996, 2002, 2007, 2013 and 2015. A significant contributing factor is that a substantial part of Jakarta is low-lying; some 24,000 ha (240 km 2) of the main part of Jakarta are below sea level. [6]
The clearing of the land above Jakarta has been identified as a major contributor to Jakarta's water table and flooding issues. [4] Jakarta has a very bad sewage system due to the disposing of trash in roads and sidewalks. There were 47 deaths reported.
Mexico City, a sprawling metropolis of nearly 22 million people and one of the world’s biggest cities, is facing a severe water crisis as a tangle of problems — including geography, chaotic ...
The conference this week in New York brought together about 10,000 participants, including national leaders and scientists, with a focus on addressing the world’s many water problems and making ...
Such deforestation is associated with the reduction of water catchment capacity, as studies have found. [5] Meanwhile, Indonesia's Ministry of National Development Planning (BAPPENAS) reported that 96% of rivers in Jakarta have been polluted, [6] making fresh, clean water even more scarce. Water pollution is caused by both industrial and ...