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International Space Station in 2011, as seen from STS-134. Origins of the International Space Station covers the origins of ISS. The International Space Station programme represents a combination of three national space station projects: the Russian/Soviet Mir-2, NASA's Space Station Freedom including the Japanese KibÅ laboratory, and the European Columbus space stations.
This is an accepted version of this page This is the latest accepted revision, reviewed on 21 January 2025. Inhabited space station in low Earth orbit (1998–present) "ISS" redirects here. For other uses, see ISS (disambiguation). International Space Station (ISS) Oblique underside view in November 2021 International Space Station programme emblem with flags of the original signatory states ...
The process of assembling the International Space Station (ISS) has been under way since the 1990s. Zarya , the first ISS module, was launched by a Proton rocket on 20 November 1998. The STS-88 Space Shuttle mission followed two weeks after Zarya was launched, bringing Unity , the first of three node modules, and connecting it to Zarya .
The project began as Space Station Freedom, a US only effort, but was long delayed by funding and technical problems.Following the initial 1980's authorization (with an intended ten year construction period) by Ronald Reagan, the Station Freedom concept was designed and renamed in the 1990s to reduce costs and expand international involvement.
The International Space Station is 26 years old. Born with Russia's launch of a Zarya power and propulsion module in 1998, the ISS today is comprised of 43 separate modules and other "elements ...
The International Space Station programme is tied together by a complex set of legal, political and financial agreements between the fifteen nations involved in the project, governing ownership of the various components, rights to crewing and utilisation, and responsibilities for crew rotation and resupply of the International Space Station.
First commander of the ISS and also first American commander of the ISS. Expedition 2: Yury Usachev [7] 19 March 2001 [7] 18 August 2001 [8] First Russian commander of ISS. Expedition 3: Frank Culbertson [8] 18 August 2001 [8] 13 December 2001 [9] Only American onboard ISS during September 11 attacks. [10] Expedition 4: Yury Onufrienko [9] 13 ...
The first mention of anything resembling a space station occurred in Edward Everett Hale's 1868 "The Brick Moon". [3] The first to give serious, scientifically grounded consideration to space stations were Konstantin Tsiolkovsky and Hermann Oberth about two decades apart in the early 20th century.