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Propulsive efficiency comparison for various gas turbine engine configurations. In the 1970s, Hamilton Standard described its propfan as "a small diameter, highly loaded multiple bladed variable pitch propulsor having swept blades with thin advanced airfoil sections, integrated with a nacelle contoured to retard the airflow through the blades thereby reducing compressibility losses and ...
A design feature once found in some General Motors automatic transmissions was the variable-pitch stator, in which the blades' angle of attack could be varied in response to changes in engine speed and load. The effect of this was to vary the amount of torque multiplication produced by the converter.
The basis of the Turboglide's unique abilities was its five-element torque converter.Most automatic transmissions have a three-element torque converter, consisting of an impeller (an engine-driven pump); a turbine that rotates with the flywheel; a transmission-driven turbine that receives the energy of the oil propelled by the impeller, and a stator that redirects the recirculating oil so that ...
The flow of oil and the pitch are controlled by a governor, consisting of a gear type pump speeder spring, flyweights, and a pilot valve. The gear type pump takes engine oil pressure and turns it to a higher pressure which is in turn controlled in an out of the propeller hub by the pilot valve, which is connected to the flyweights, and a seeder ...
A Variable Geometry Turbocharger [4] has movable vanes which direct the flow of exhaust onto the turbine blades. Actuators are used to adjust the vane angles. Angle of vanes vary throughout the range of RPM to optimize turbine behaviour. At high engine speed, vanes are fully open and the exhaust is fully directed onto the turbine blades.
Gas turbine aircraft engines such as turbojets, turboshafts and turbofans often use air/pneumatic starting, with the use of bleed air from built-in auxiliary power units (APUs) or external air compressors now seen as a common starting method. Often only one engine needs be started using the APU (or remote compressor).