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It is a meaning system of social solidarity and identity, which provides the fabric of Chinese society, uniting all its levels from the lineages to the village or city communities, to the state and the national economy. Because this common religion is embedded in Chinese social relations, it historically has never had an objectifying name. [187]
The state protects normal religious activities. No one may use religion to make an attack on the order of society, harm the physical health of citizens, or impede the activities of the state's education system. Religious groups and religious affairs shall not be subject to the power of foreign domination." [5]
The current social structure of China relies on strata, which are defined by an individual's economic and social status. There are a total of ten strata which, in a general sense, include government officials, private and small business owners, industrial workers, agricultural laborers, and the unemployed. [ 119 ]
In the People's Republic of China (PRC), freedom of religion is provided for in the Constitution of the People's Republic of China, [1] yet with a caveat: the government controls what it calls "normal religious activity", defined in practice as activities that take place within government-sanctioned religious organizations and registered places ...
Political theology in China refers to the religious beliefs and principles that motivate the politics of China. For two millennia, China was organized on a Confucian understanding of religion and politics, often discussed in terms of Confucian political philosophy. [ 1 ]
China has the world's largest irreligious population, [3] and the Chinese government and the ruling Chinese Communist Party have conducted antireligious campaigns throughout their rule. [4] Religious freedom is protected under the Chinese constitution. Among the general Chinese population, there are a wide variety of religious practices. [5]
The State Administration for Religious Affairs was established to exercise control over religious appointments, the selection of clergy, and the interpretation of religious doctrine. SARA was also meant to ensure that the registered religious organizations support and carry out the policy priorities of the CCP. [4]
Surveys on religion in China conducted in the years 2006, 2008, 2010 and 2011 by the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) of the Renmin University found that people self-identifying as Christians were, respectively for each year, 2.1%, 2.2%, 2.1% and 2.6% of the total population. [111]