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by Time Period Early Archaic 8000 – 6000 BCE Plano cultures: 9,000 – 5,000 BCE Paleo-Arctic tradition: 8000 – 5000 BCE Maritime Archaic: Red Paint People: 3000 – 1000 BCE Middle Archaic 6000 – 3000 BCE Chihuahua tradition: c. 6000 BCE – c. 250 CE Watson Brake and Lower Mississippi Valley sites c. 3500 – 2800 BCE Late Archaic 3000 ...
Copper knife, spearpoints, awls, and spud, from the Late Archaic period, Wisconsin, 3000–1000 BC. In the classification of the archaeological cultures of North America, the Archaic period in North America, taken to last from around 8000 to 1000 BC [1] in the sequence of North American pre-Columbian cultural stages, is a period defined by the archaic stage of cultural development.
Aboriginally and in early historic times, the shaman, called a medicine man or medicine woman [52] (Tanacross deshen Upper Tanana dishin) was the central figure of Athabaskan religious life. The shaman within this culture was the middle man/woman between spirits and the native peoples.
The dates, and the characteristics of the period called "Archaic" vary between different parts of the Americas. Sometimes also referred to as the "Pre-Ceramic stage" or period, it followed the Lithic stage and was superseded by the Formative stage, or a Preformative stage. [1] The typical broad use of the terms is as follows:
1000–1200: Acoma Pueblo and Old Oraibi are established, become the oldest continuously inhabited communities in the United States [10] [11] [12] 1000–1750: Fort Ancient culture, a non-Mississippian culture emerges in modern-day southern Ohio, northern Kentucky, southeastern Indiana, and western West Virginia.
The Archaic period, from 8000 to 2000 BCE, experienced warmer climates. Archaic peoples in West Virginia were hunter-gatherers , who fished and gathered wild berries, nuts, seeds, and wild plants. The megafauna had migrated or died out by this time, so people hunted deer, bear, wild turkeys, rabbits, and other small game with atlatls and small ...
According to David Whitley, shamanism is "a form of worship based on direct, personal interaction between a shaman (or medicine man) and the supernatural (or sacred realm and its spirits)." In Chumash territory, the sites for the vision quests were usually located near the shaman's village.
The shaman evokes animal images as spirit guides, omens, and message-bearers The shaman can perform other varied forms of divination , scry , throw bones, and sometimes foretell of future events Shamanism is based on the premise that the visible world is pervaded by invisible forces or spirits which affect the lives of the living. [ 42 ]