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An axial-flow pump for industrial use. An axial-flow pump, or AFP, is a common type of pump that essentially consists of a propeller (an axial impeller) in a pipe.The propeller can be driven directly by a sealed motor in the pipe or by electric motor or petrol/diesel engines mounted to the pipe from the outside or by a right-angle drive shaft that pierces the pipe.
Propeller walk is caused by the water moved by the propeller in an axial direction and in a rotation. The water, coming from the propeller, gets a cone shape, widening when it leaves the propeller. If the rotating water cone contacts the ship's hull, a sideways force is generated.
Contra-rotating propellers have been found to be between 6% and 16% more efficient than normal propellers. [4] However they can be very noisy, with increases in noise in the axial (forward and aft) direction of up to 30 dB, and tangentially 10 dB. [4] Most of this extra noise can be found in the higher frequencies.
An azimuthing propeller is a propeller that turns around the vertical axis. The individual airfoil-shaped blades turn as the propeller moves so that they are always generating lift in the vessel's direction of movement. This type of propeller can reverse or change its direction of thrust very quickly.
However, in commercial ships and in traditional machinery arrangement, contra-rotating propellers are rare, due to cost and complexity. ABB provided an azimuth thruster for ShinNihonkai Ferries in form of the CRP Azipod, [2] claiming efficiency gains from the propeller (about 10% increase [3]) and a simpler hull design.
Counter-rotating propellers World War I Linke-Hofmann R.I German heavy bomber (1917) with counter-rotating propellers He 177A Greif with counter-rotating propellers. Counter-rotating propellers (CRP) are propellers which turn in opposite directions to each other. [1] They are used on some twin- and multi-engine propeller-driven aircraft.
When a propeller-driven vehicle is moving at high speed relative to the fluid, or the propeller is rotating slowly, the advance ratio of its propeller(s) is a high number. When the vehicle is moving at low speed or the propeller is rotating at high speed, the advance ratio is a low number.
An advanced type of propeller used on the American Los Angeles-class submarine as well as the German Type 212 submarine is called a skewback propeller. As in the scimitar blades used on some aircraft, the blade tips of a skewback propeller are swept back against the direction of rotation. In addition, the blades are tilted rearward along the ...