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Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease, of unknown cause, which can affect any body part of any person, but has a strong preference for the genitals (penis, vulva), and is also known as balanitis xerotica obliterans when it affects the penis.
Balanitis caused by smegma. Inflammation has many possible causes, including irritation by environmental substances, certain medications, physical trauma, and infection such as bacterial, viral, or fungal. [6] [7] Some of these infections are sexually transmitted, however a yeast infection, Candida balanitis, is generally not categorized as such.
Those affected are at greater risk of inflammation of the glans, known as balanitis, and other complications. [3] In infancy, phimosis is considered physiological (normal). [11] At birth, the foreskin is naturally adhered to the glans, and cannot be retracted. As the child ages, in most cases, the foreskin will naturally detach.
Pseudoepitheliomatous keratotic and micaceous balanitis, (PKMB) is a cutaneous condition characterized by skin lesions on the glans penis that are wart-like with scaling. [1]: 657 It can present as a cutaneous horn. [2] PKMB is usually asymptomatic, with occasional irritation, burning sensation, fissuring, or maceration.
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Balanitis circinata is one out of multiple manifestations of the reactive arthritis. [ citation needed ] Right now, topical corticosteroid therapy is the most commonly used treatment, and topical calcineurin inhibitors have also been used successfully. [ 2 ]