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Blue baby syndrome can refer to conditions that cause cyanosis, or blueness of the skin, in babies as a result of low oxygen levels in the blood. This term has traditionally been applied to cyanosis as a result of:. [1] Cyanotic heart disease, which is a category of congenital heart defect that results in low levels of oxygen in the blood. [2]
Peripheral cyanosis is the blue tint in fingers or extremities, due to an inadequate or obstructed circulation. [5] The blood reaching the extremities is not oxygen-rich and when viewed through the skin a combination of factors can lead to the appearance of a blue color .
The very term "acrocyanosis" is often applied inappropriately in cases when blue discoloration of the hands, feet, or parts of the face is noted. [1] The principal (primary) form of acrocyanosis is that of a benign cosmetic condition, [ 2 ] sometimes caused by a relatively benign neurohormonal disorder. [ 3 ]
At birth, children may be asymptomatic or present with many severe symptoms. [10] Later in infancy, there are typically episodes of bluish colour to the skin due to a lack of sufficient oxygenation, known as cyanosis. [2]
Common symptoms include a grayish-blue (cyanosis) coloration to the skin, lips, fingernails and other parts of the body. [3] [4] Other pronounced symptoms can be rapid or difficult breathing, poor feeding due to lack of energy, cold hands or feet, or being inactive and drowsy.
Congenital heart defects are divided into two main groups: cyanotic heart defects and non-cyanotic heart defects, depending on whether the child has the potential to turn bluish in color. [3] The defects may involve the interior walls of the heart, the heart valves, or the large blood vessels that lead to and from the heart. [7]
A BRUE is a description of a self-limited episode. Usually a BRUE lasts for less than 1 minute. By definition, the episode must have resolved by the time the infant is evaluated by a medical professional. The caregiver may report observation of bluish skin discoloration, called cyanosis.
Most babies with TGA have blue skin color (cyanosis) in the first hours or days of their lives, since dextro-TGA is the more common type. [citation needed] Other symptoms include: [citation needed] Fast breathing ; Difficulty breathing ; Fast heart rate (tachycardia) Poor feeding [3]