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Furosemide, sold under the brand name Lasix among others, is a loop diuretic medication used to treat edema due to heart failure, liver scarring, or kidney disease. [4] Furosemide may also be used for the treatment of high blood pressure. [4] It can be taken intravenously or orally. [4]
Contraindicated in pregnancy: Studies in animals or humans have demonstrated fetal abnormalities and/or there is positive evidence of human fetal risk based on adverse reaction data from investigational or marketing experience, and the risks involved in use of the drug in pregnant women clearly outweigh potential benefits.
UFH is classified as Pregnancy Category C, which means animal studies have shown potential for adverse effects to the fetus; however, there needs to be more studies done to confirm the presence of a risk to the fetus. UFH can be used in pregnant women as long as the benefits outweigh the risk. [37]
Indapamide is contraindicated in known hypersensitivity to sulfonamides, severe kidney failure, hepatic encephalopathy or severe liver failure, and a low blood potassium level. [citation needed] There is insufficient safety data to recommend indapamide use in pregnancy or breastfeeding. [citation needed]
Fluid restriction is also used to help limit excess water in the body. Using diuretics during pregnancy needs to be done carefully, as diuretics can impair blood flow to the placenta which could potentially cause harm to the fetus. Hydrochlorothiazide and furosemide are safe during pregnancy and breastfeeding. [7]
For heart failure, it is generally used with a diuretic, such as furosemide. [6] It is given by mouth or by injection into a vein. [5] Onset of effects are typically within an hour when taken by mouth and last for up to a day. [5] Common side effects include headache, tiredness, feeling lightheaded with standing, and cough. [5]
Lacosamide has a K d value just under 5 μM and a B max of about 200 pM/mg. [34] The volume of distribution (V d) of lacosamide in plasma is 0.6 L/kg, which is close to the total volume of water. Lacosamide is ampiphilic and is thus hydrophilic while also lipophilic enough to cross the blood-brain barrier .
Pre-eclampsia is a multi-system disorder specific to pregnancy, characterized by the new onset of high blood pressure and often a significant amount of protein in the urine or by the new onset of high blood pressure along with significant end-organ damage, with or without the proteinuria.