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  2. Efficient energy use - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Efficient_energy_use

    Increased use of natural and task lighting has been shown by one study to increase productivity in schools and offices. [25] Compact fluorescent lamps use two-thirds less energy and may last 6 to 10 times longer than incandescent light bulbs. Newer fluorescent lights produce a natural light, and in most applications they are cost effective ...

  3. Productivity-improving technologies - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Productivity-improving...

    With a cotton gin (1792) in one day a man could remove seed from as much upland cotton as would have previously taken a woman working two months to process at one pound per day using a roller gin. [52] [53] An early example of a large productivity increase by special purpose machines is the c. 1803 Portsmouth Block Mills. With these machines 10 ...

  4. Economic efficiency - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic_efficiency

    Productive efficiency: no additional output of one good can be obtained without decreasing the output of another good, and production proceeds at the lowest possible average total cost. These definitions are not equivalent: a market or other economic system may be allocatively but not productively efficient, or productively but not allocatively ...

  5. Change management - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Change_management

    The text describes the way one reacts to major change in one's work and life, and four typical reactions to those changes by two mice and two "Littlepeople," during their hunt for "cheese." A New York Times business bestseller up on release, Who Moved My Cheese? remained on the list for almost five years and spent over 200 weeks on Publishers ...

  6. Multi-objective optimization - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multi-objective_optimization

    Multi-objective optimization or Pareto optimization (also known as multi-objective programming, vector optimization, multicriteria optimization, or multiattribute optimization) is an area of multiple-criteria decision making that is concerned with mathematical optimization problems involving more than one objective function to be optimized simultaneously.

  7. Synergistic catalysis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Synergistic_catalysis

    Besides using two transition metal catalysts, synergistic catalysis can also be carried out by utilizing one transition metal catalyst in combination with an organocatalyst. Here the synergistic α-allylation of aldehydes was accomplished by utilizing a transition metal complex in combination with a chiral amine catalyst.

  8. System integration - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System_integration

    System integration is defined in engineering as the process of bringing together the component sub-systems into one system (an aggregation of subsystems cooperating so that the system is able to deliver the overarching functionality) and ensuring that the subsystems function together as a system, [1] and in information technology [2] as the process of linking together different computing ...

  9. Theory of the second best - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_the_second_best

    In welfare economics, the theory of the second best concerns the situation when one or more optimality conditions cannot be satisfied. [1] The economists Richard Lipsey and Kelvin Lancaster showed in 1956 that if one optimality condition in an economic model cannot be satisfied, it is possible that the next-best solution involves changing other variables away from the values that would ...