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The Channel Tunnel (French: Tunnel sous la Manche), sometimes referred to by the portmanteau Chunnel, [3] [4] is a 50.46 km (31.35-mile) undersea railway tunnel, opened in 1994, that connects Folkestone (Kent, England) with Coquelles (Pas-de-Calais, France) beneath the English Channel at the Strait of Dover.
LeShuttle [1] (formerly Eurotunnel Le Shuttle and also known as The Shuttle) is a railway shuttle service between Calais in France and Folkestone in the United Kingdom.It conveys road vehicles (including cars, bicycles and motorcycles) and passengers (including some animals) by rail through the Channel Tunnel.
High Speed 1 (HS1), legally the Channel Tunnel Rail Link (CTRL), is a 109.9-kilometre (68.3-mile) high-speed railway linking London with the Channel Tunnel.. It is part of the line carrying international passenger traffic between the United Kingdom and mainland Europe; it also carries domestic passenger traffic to and from stations in Kent and east London, and continental European loading ...
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The Channel Tunnel is the only rail connection between Great Britain and the European mainland. It joins LGV Nord in France with High Speed 1 in Britain. Tunnelling began in 1988, and the 50.5 km (31.4-mile) tunnel was officially opened by British sovereign, Elizabeth II , and the French President, François Mitterrand , on 6 May 1994. [ 3 ]
The Channel Tunnel opened to passenger trains in November 1994. In the 29 years since then, Eurostar has had the market to itself. It currently runs from London St Pancras International to Paris ...
The geological problems of building on the grey chalk (which was found to be riddled with cavities) was a problem that presented itself to the builders of the Channel Tunnel, a venture which brought the train ferry service to an end. [11] [12]
By way of comparison, the 50-kilometer (31-mile) Channel Tunnel linking England and France, completed in 1993, cost the equivalent of £12 billion ($13.6 billion) in today’s money.