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  2. Poincaré half-plane model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poincaré_half-plane_model

    The metric of the model on the half-plane, { , >}, is: = + ()where s measures the length along a (possibly curved) line. The straight lines in the hyperbolic plane (geodesics for this metric tensor, i.e., curves which minimize the distance) are represented in this model by circular arcs perpendicular to the x-axis (half-circles whose centers are on the x-axis) and straight vertical rays ...

  3. Half-exponential function - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-exponential_function

    Any exponential function can be written as the self-composition (()) for infinitely many possible choices of .In particular, for every in the open interval (,) and for every continuous strictly increasing function from [,] onto [,], there is an extension of this function to a continuous strictly increasing function on the real numbers such that (()) = ⁡. [4]

  4. Glossary of mathematical symbols - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary_of_mathematical...

    A mathematical symbol is a figure or a combination of figures that is used to represent a mathematical object, an action on mathematical objects, a relation between mathematical objects, or for structuring the other symbols that occur in a formula.

  5. List of centroids - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_centroids

    The following is a list of centroids of various two-dimensional and three-dimensional objects. The centroid of an object in -dimensional space is the intersection of all hyperplanes that divide into two parts of equal moment about the hyperplane.

  6. Half-space (geometry) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-space_(geometry)

    More generally, a half-space is either of the two parts into which a hyperplane divides an n-dimensional space. [2] That is, the points that are not incident to the hyperplane are partitioned into two convex sets (i.e., half-spaces), such that any subspace connecting a point in one set to a point in the other must intersect the hyperplane.

  7. Tangent half-angle substitution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent_half-angle...

    The tangent of half an angle is important in spherical trigonometry and was sometimes known in the 17th century as the half tangent or semi-tangent. [2] Leonhard Euler used it to evaluate the integral ∫ d x / ( a + b cos ⁡ x ) {\textstyle \int dx/(a+b\cos x)} in his 1768 integral calculus textbook , [ 3 ] and Adrien-Marie Legendre described ...

  8. Mathematics of paper folding - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematics_of_paper_folding

    Then point P is folded over to lie on line AC and at the same time point A is made to lie on line QQ' at A'. The angle A'AB is one third of the original angle CAB. This is because PAQ, A'AQ and A'AR are three congruent triangles. Aligning the two points on the two lines is another neusis construction as in the solution to doubling the cube. [40 ...

  9. Poincaré disk model - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poincaré_disk_model

    Poincaré disk with hyperbolic parallel lines Poincaré disk model of the truncated triheptagonal tiling.. In geometry, the Poincaré disk model, also called the conformal disk model, is a model of 2-dimensional hyperbolic geometry in which all points are inside the unit disk, and straight lines are either circular arcs contained within the disk that are orthogonal to the unit circle or ...