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Surface tension is the tendency of liquid surfaces at rest to shrink into the minimum surface area possible. Surface tension is what allows objects with a higher density than water such as razor blades and insects (e.g. water striders) to float on a water surface without becoming even partly submerged.
In physics, the Young–Laplace equation (/ l ə ˈ p l ɑː s /) is an algebraic equation that describes the capillary pressure difference sustained across the interface between two static fluids, such as water and air, due to the phenomenon of surface tension or wall tension, although use of the latter is only applicable if assuming that the wall is very thin.
where g is the acceleration of gravity, is the viscosity of the surrounding fluid, the density of the surrounding fluid, the difference in density of the phases, and is the surface tension coefficient. For the case of a bubble with a negligible inner density the Morton number can be simplified to
Dimensionless numbers (or characteristic numbers) have an important role in analyzing the behavior of fluids and their flow as well as in other transport phenomena. [1] They include the Reynolds and the Mach numbers, which describe as ratios the relative magnitude of fluid and physical system characteristics, such as density, viscosity, speed of sound, and flow speed.
Right: The reduction in flux passing through a surface can be visualized by reduction in F or dS equivalently (resolved into components, θ is angle to normal n). F•dS is the component of flux passing through the surface, multiplied by the area of the surface (see dot product). For this reason flux represents physically a flow per unit area.
Force per unit oriented surface area Pa L −1 M T −2: order 2 tensor Surface tension: γ: Energy change per unit change in surface area N/m or J/m 2: M T −2: Thermal conductance κ (or) λ: Measure for the ease with which an object conducts heat W/K L 2 M T −3 Θ −1: extensive Thermal conductivity: λ: Measure for the ease with which a ...
The Weber number appears in the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations through a free surface boundary condition. [3]For a fluid of constant density and dynamic viscosity, at the free surface interface there is a balance between the normal stress and the curvature force associated with the surface tension:
(σ: surface tension, ΔP max: maximum pressure drop, R cap: radius of capillary) Later, after the maximum pressure, the pressure of the bubble decreases and the radius of the bubble increases until the bubble is detached from the end of a capillary and a new cycle begins. This is not relevant to determine the surface tension. [3]