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Host range of influenza viruses. Influenza B virus is almost exclusively a human pathogen, and is less common than influenza A. The only other animal known to be susceptible to influenza B infection is the seal. [47] This type of influenza mutates at a rate 2–3 times lower than type A [48] and consequently is less genetically diverse, with ...
[2] Influenza B virus mainly infects humans but has been identified in seals, horses, dogs, and pigs. [23] Influenza B virus does not have subtypes like influenza A virus but has two antigenically distinct lineages, termed the B/Victoria/2/1987-like and B/Yamagata/16/1988-like lineages, [1] or simply (B/)Victoria(-like) and (B/)Yamagata(-like).
To unambiguously describe a specific isolate of virus, researchers use the Influenza virus nomenclature, [21] which describes, among other things, the subtype, year, and place of collection. Some examples include: [22] A/Rio de Janeiro/62434/2021 (H3N2). [22] The starting A indicates that the virus is an influenza A virus.
Influenza A virus subtype H1N1 (A/H1N1) is a subtype of influenza A virus (IAV). Some human-adapted strains of H1N1 are endemic in humans and are one cause of seasonal influenza (flu). [1] Other strains of H1N1 are endemic in pigs (swine influenza) and in birds (avian influenza). [2]
Influenza A virus subtype H5N1 (A/H5N1) is a subtype of the influenza A virus, which causes the disease avian influenza (often referred to as "bird flu"). It is enzootic (maintained in the population) in many bird populations, and also panzootic (affecting animals of many species over a wide area). [1]
Influenza A virus (IAV) is the only species of the genus Alphainfluenzavirus of the virus family Orthomyxoviridae. [1] It is a pathogen with strains that infect birds and some mammals , as well as causing seasonal flu in humans. [ 2 ]
Influenza A virus subtype H3N2 (A/H3N2) is a subtype of influenza A virus (IAV). Some human-adapted strains of A/H3N2 are endemic in humans and are one cause of seasonal influenza (flu). [1] Other strains of H1N1 are endemic in pigs (swine influenza) and in birds (avian influenza). [2]
The B/Victoria/2/87 virus shared antigens with all influenza B viruses discovered in the United States during an outbreak in the winter of 1988–1989. [32] In Japan, influenza B virus reinfection was investigated virologically in 1985–1991 and epidemiologically in 1979–1991 in children. [33]