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Biosafety level 4 laboratories are designed for diagnostic work and research on easily respiratory-acquired viruses which can often cause severe and/or fatal disease. What follows is a list of select agents that have specific biocontainment requirements according to US federal law.
This list of laboratory biosecurity incidents includes accidental laboratory-acquired infections and laboratory releases of lethal pathogens, containment failures in or during transport of lethal pathogens, and incidents of exposure of lethal pathogens to laboratory personnel, improper disposal of contaminated waste, and/or the escape of laboratory animals.
The Proceedings of a Workshop on "Developing Norms for the Provision of Biological Laboratories in Low-Resource Contexts" provides a list of BSL-3 laboratories in those countries. [ 32 ] Biosafety level 3 is commonly used for research and diagnostic work involving various microbes which can be transmitted by aerosol and/or cause severe disease.
Biological hazards include viruses, bacteria, fungi, prions, and biologically derived toxins, which may be present in body fluids and tissue, cell culture specimens, and laboratory animals. Routes of exposure for chemical and biological hazards include inhalation , ingestion , skin contact, and eye contact.
A biological hazard, or biohazard, is a biological substance that poses a threat (or is a hazard) to the health of living organisms, primarily humans. This could include a sample of a microorganism, virus or toxin that can adversely affect human health. A biohazard could also be a substance harmful to other living beings. [a]
A biosafety cabinet (BSC)—also called a biological safety cabinet or microbiological safety cabinet—is an enclosed, ventilated laboratory workspace for safely working with materials contaminated with (or potentially contaminated with) pathogens requiring a defined biosafety level.
A bioassay may be used to detect biological hazards or to give an assessment of the quality of a mixture. [4] A bioassay is often used to monitor water quality as well as wastewater discharges and its impact on the surroundings. [5] It is also used to assess the environmental impact and safety of new technologies and facilities. [citation needed]
Chemical hazard – Non-biological hazards of hazardous materials; Safety engineering – Engineering discipline which assures that engineered systems provide acceptable levels of safety; Security engineering – Process of incorporating security controls into an information system; Select agent – Controlled biological agents in the United States