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Biosafety level 4 laboratories are designed for diagnostic work and research on easily respiratory-acquired viruses which can often cause severe and/or fatal disease. What follows is a list of select agents that have specific biocontainment requirements according to US federal law.
Biological hazards include viruses, bacteria, fungi, prions, and biologically derived toxins, which may be present in body fluids and tissue, cell culture specimens, and laboratory animals. Routes of exposure for chemical and biological hazards include inhalation , ingestion , skin contact, and eye contact.
Autonomous Pathogen Detection System by Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Autonomous Detection Systems (ADS), also called biohazard detection systems or autonomous pathogen detection systems, are designed to monitor air or water in an environment and to detect the presence of airborne or waterborne chemicals, toxins, pathogens, or other biological agents capable of causing human illness ...
A biological hazard, or biohazard, is a biological substance that poses a threat (or is a hazard) to the health of living organisms, primarily humans. This could include a sample of a microorganism, virus or toxin that can adversely affect human health. A biohazard could also be a substance harmful to other living beings. [a]
A bioassay may be used to detect biological hazards or to give an assessment of the quality of a mixture. [4] A bioassay is often used to monitor water quality as well as wastewater discharges and its impact on the surroundings. [5] It is also used to assess the environmental impact and safety of new technologies and facilities. [citation needed]
A biosafety cabinet (BSC)—also called a biological safety cabinet or microbiological safety cabinet—is an enclosed, ventilated laboratory workspace for safely working with materials contaminated with (or potentially contaminated with) pathogens requiring a defined biosafety level.
If it is unclear in which category a device falls, consulting device-specific guidances or contacting the appropriate US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) review division for more information is possible. The table "Endpoints to be addressed in a biological risk assessment" was revised by the 2018 edition of ISO 10993-1.
The Public Health Laboratory Service (PHLS) was established as part of the National Health Service in 1946. An Emergency Public Health Laboratory Service was established in 1940 as a response to the threat of bacteriological warfare.