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Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine are anti-malarial medications also used against some auto-immune diseases. [65] Chloroquine, along with hydroxychloroquine, was an early experimental treatment for COVID-19. [66] Neither drug has been useful to prevent or treat SARS-CoV-2 infection.
Hydroxychloroquine, sold under the brand name Plaquenil among others, is a medication used to prevent and treat malaria in areas where malaria remains sensitive to chloroquine. Other uses include treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, and porphyria cutanea tarda. It is taken by mouth, often in the form of hydroxychloroquine sulfate. [3]
Tumid lupus erythematosus is a rare, but distinctive entity in which patients present with edematous erythematous plaque. [ 2 ] Lupus erythematosus tumidus (LET) was reported by Henri Gougerot and Burnier R. in 1930.
For a time, it was hoped that hydroxychloroquine sulfate and chloroquine, drugs commonly used to treat lupus, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and malaria, would be key weapons in the fight against ...
Chloroquine retinopathy is a form of toxic retinopathy (damage of the retina) caused by the drugs chloroquine or hydroxychloroquine, which are sometimes used in the treatment of autoimmune disorders such as rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. This eye toxicity limits long-term use of the drugs. [3]
Although the use of the term DMARDs was first propagated in rheumatoid arthritis (hence their name), the term has come to pertain to many other diseases, such as Crohn's disease, lupus erythematosus, Sjögren syndrome, immune thrombocytopenic purpura, myasthenia gravis, sarcoidosis, and various others. [citation needed]
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