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Frontal lobe disorder, also frontal lobe syndrome, is an impairment of the frontal lobe of the brain due to disease or frontal lobe injury. [5] The frontal lobe plays a key role in executive functions such as motivation, planning, social behaviour, and speech production.
Hypofrontality is a symptom of numerous neurological diseases defined as reduced utilization of glucose and blood flow in the prefrontal cortex. Hypofrontality can be difficult to detect under resting conditions, but under cognitive challenges, it has been seen to correlate with memory deficits along with executive function deficits.
Children whose brain areas have been injured or damaged, may present with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), oppositional defiant disorder or OPD. [7] OPD is most often caused by lesions in three brain areas of frontal lobe: traumatic brain injuries in orbitofrontal cortex, anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex.
Dysexecutive syndrome (DES) consists of a group of symptoms, [1] usually resulting from brain damage, that fall into cognitive, behavioural and emotional categories and tend to occur together. The term was introduced by Alan Baddeley [ 2 ] [ 3 ] to describe a common pattern of dysfunction in executive functions , such as planning, abstract ...
In neuroscience, the default mode network (DMN), also known as the default network, default state network, or anatomically the medial frontoparietal network (M-FPN), is a large-scale brain network primarily composed of the dorsal medial prefrontal cortex, posterior cingulate cortex, precuneus and angular gyrus.
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Other names: Formerly: Attention deficit disorder (ADD), hyperkinetic disorder (HD) [1]: ADHD arises from maldevelopment in brain regions such as the prefrontal cortex, basal ganglia and anterior cingulate cortex, which regulate the executive functions necessary for human self-regulation.
The anterior superior frontal lobe is known as the prefrontal cortex which is responsible for the initiation and ideation of verbal speech. [7] The damage leaves the major language networks, Broca's and Wernicke’s areas and the arcuate fasiculus , unaffected. [ 1 ]
Children with TS are found to have a larger prefrontal cortex, which may be the result of an adaptation to help regulate tics. [77] It is likely that tics decrease with age as the capacity of the frontal cortex increases. [77] Cortico-basal ganglia (CBG) circuits may also be impaired, contributing to "sensory, limbic and executive" features. [14]