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In general, no binary compounds of manganese and nitrogen are known in which manganese exhibits a formal oxidation state higher than Mn 2+, but manganese does form a wide variety of homoleptic nitrido complexes and ternary salts, with oxidation states ranging from Mn + to Mn +6.5; indeed, the stablest homoleptic complex is Li 7 MnN 4. [11]
Manganese is a necessary element for biological functions such as photosynthesis, and some manganese oxidizing bacteria utilize this element in anoxic environments. [2] [3] Movement of manganese (Mn) among the global "spheres" (described below) is mediated by both physical and biological processes.
Manganese(II) nitrate is prepared from manganese dioxide and nitrogen dioxide: [1]. MnO 2 + 2 NO 2 + 4 H 2 O → Mn(H 2 O) 4 (NO 3) 2. In this redox reaction, two moles of the reductant NO 2 (gas) donate each one electron to MnO 2 (black solid), the oxidant, which is reduced from its oxidation state (IV) to its lower state (II).
A positive slope between two species indicates a tendency for an oxidation reaction, while a negative slope between two species indicates a tendency for reduction. For example, if the manganese in [HMnO 4 ] − has an oxidation state of +6 and nE ° = 4, and in MnO 2 the oxidation state is +4 and nE ° = 0, then the slope Δ y /Δ x is 4/2 = 2 ...
Manganese in oxidation state +7 is represented by salts of the intensely purple permanganate anion MnO − 4. Potassium permanganate is a commonly used laboratory reagent because of its oxidizing properties; it is used as a topical medicine (for example, in the treatment of fish diseases).
In a classical laboratory demonstration, heating a mixture of potassium chlorate and manganese dioxide produces oxygen gas. Manganese dioxide also catalyses the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide to oxygen and water: 2 H 2 O 2 → 2 H 2 O + O 2. Manganese dioxide decomposes above about 530 °C to manganese(III) oxide and oxygen.
Manganese may also form mixed oxides with other metals : Bixbyite, (Fe III,Mn III) 2 O 3, a manganese(III) iron(III) oxide mineral; Jacobsite, Mn II Fe III 2 O 4, a manganese(II) iron(III) oxide mineral; Columbite, (Fe II,Mn II)Nb 2 O 6, a niobate of iron(II) and manganese(II) Tantalite, (Fe II,Mn II)Ta 2 O 6, a tantalum(V) mineral group close ...
The oxidation states are also maintained in articles of the elements (of course), and systematically in the table {{Infobox element/symbol-to-oxidation-state}} See also [ edit ]