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The great leap toward 64-bit computing and the maintenance of backward compatibility with 32-bit and 16-bit software enabled the x86 architecture to become an extremely flexible platform today, with x86 chips being utilized from small low-power systems (for example, Intel Quark and Intel Atom) to fast gaming desktop computers (for example ...
x86-64 (also known as x64, x86_64, AMD64, and Intel 64) [note 1] is a 64-bit extension of the x86 instruction set architecture first announced in 1999. It introduces two new operating modes: 64-bit mode and compatibility mode, along with a new four-level paging mechanism.
AMD Zen+ Family 17h – revised Zen architecture (optimisation and die shrink to 12 nm). AMD Zen 2 Family 17h – second generation Zen architecture based on 7 nm process, first architecture designed around chiplet technology. [3] AMD Zen 3 Family 19h – third generation Zen architecture in the optimised 7 nm process with major core redesigns. [4]
IA-32 (short for "Intel Architecture, 32-bit", commonly called i386 [1] [2]) [3] is the 32-bit version of the x86 instruction set architecture, designed by Intel and first implemented in the 80386 microprocessor in 1985.
The x86 instruction set refers to the set of instructions that x86-compatible microprocessors support. The instructions are usually part of an executable program, often stored as a computer file and executed on the processor. The x86 instruction set has been extended several times, introducing wider registers and datatypes as well as new ...
AMD introduces its Opteron and Athlon 64 processor lines, based on its AMD64 architecture which is the first x86-based 64-bit processor architecture. Apple also ships the 64-bit "G5" PowerPC 970 CPU produced by IBM. Intel maintains that its Itanium chips would remain its only 64-bit processors. 2004
Intel's second generation of 32-bit x86 processors, introduced built-in floating point unit (FPU), 8 KB on-chip L1 cache, and pipelining. Faster per MHz than the 386. Small number of new instructions. P5 original Pentium microprocessors, first x86 processor with super-scalar architecture and branch prediction. P6
The x86-64 architecture further provides the special SWAPGS instruction, which allows swapping the kernel mode and user mode base addresses. For instance, Microsoft Windows on x86-64 uses the GS segment to point to the Thread Environment Block , a small data structure for each thread , which contains information about exception handling, thread ...