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California municipalities are either charter or general-law. General-law municipalities have powers defined by the state's Government Code ; [ note 3 ] charter municipalities may have increased powers, but the adoption or amendment of a city charter requires a popular vote.
A municipal code is usually a type of statutory instrument or delegated legislation. A municipal legal code is similar in concept, though different in nature, to " codes " enacted by sovereign government authorities, such as a national government or a federal state or province within a federation .
Municipal law is the national, domestic, or internal law of a sovereign state and is defined in opposition to international law. It encompasses the laws enacted by national, state , or local governments and is concerned with regulating the behavior of individuals, corporations, and entities within the country.
Bernard Witkin's Summary of California Law, a legal treatise popular with California judges and lawyers. The Constitution of California is the foremost source of state law. . Legislation is enacted within the California Statutes, which in turn have been codified into the 29 California Co
In the United States, "municipality" is usually understood as a city, town, village, or other local government unit, formed by municipal charter from the state as a municipal corporation. [13] In a state law context, some U.S. state codes define "municipality" more widely, from the state itself to any political subdivisions given jurisdiction ...
The entire state is subdivided into 58 counties. The only type of municipal entity is the city, although cities may either operate under "general law" or a custom-drafted charter. California has never had villages or townships. Some cities call themselves "towns", but the name "town" is purely cosmetic with no legal effect.
States may allow only general-law municipalities, only charter municipalities, or both. In states having both, general-law municipalities generally have less autonomy than charter municipalities do. Six states do not allow municipal charters, meaning that every municipality is a general-law municipality. [5]
The California Codes are 29 legal codes enacted by the California State Legislature, which, alongside uncodified acts, form the general statutory law of California. The official codes are maintained by the California Office of Legislative Counsel for the legislature.