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Diverticulitis is defined as diverticular disease with signs and symptoms of diverticular inflammation. Clinical features of acute diverticulitis include constant abdominal pain, localized abdominal tenderness in the left lower quadrant of the abdomen, nausea, vomiting, constipation or diarrhea, fever and leukocytosis .
In complicated diverticulitis, an inflamed diverticulum can rupture, allowing bacteria to subsequently infect externally from the colon. If the infection spreads to the lining of the abdominal cavity (the peritoneum), peritonitis results. Sometimes, inflamed diverticula can cause narrowing of the bowel, leading to an obstruction.
Complicated diverticulitis is treated with antibiotics and may require surgical interventions such as abscess drainage or fistula repair. [8] Pain is managed with antispasmodics or acetaminophen, rather than NSAIDs (ibuprofen, aspirin, etc.). [16] Antibiotics should be used selectively in most cases of uncomplicated diverticulitis.
Although inflammation can happen when fecal matter, or fecaliths, become lodged in the diverticula, this is thought to actually be less common, and really inflammation is thought to happen more often due to erosion of the diverticular wall from higher luminal pressures. Erosion and inflammation most commonly causes pain in the left lower quadrant.
About 10% of cases have a more serious cause including gallbladder (gallstones or biliary dyskinesia) or pancreas problems (4%), diverticulitis (3%), appendicitis (2%) and cancer (1%). [2] More common in those who are older, ischemic colitis , [ 5 ] mesenteric ischemia , and abdominal aortic aneurysms are other serious causes.
Stress ulceration is a single or multiple fundic mucosal ulcers that causes upper gastrointestinal bleeding, and develops during the severe physiologic stress of serious illness. It can also cause mucosal erosions and superficial hemorrhages in patients who are critically ill, or in those who are under extreme physiologic stress, causing blood ...
Anxiety disorders — characterized by uneasiness, worry, and fear — can cause various symptoms that affect how you think and behave. This can include changes in appetite (aka your body’s ...
They can also obstruct diverticula. It can form secondary to fecal impaction. A fecaloma is a more severe form of fecal impaction, and a hardened fecaloma may be considered a giant fecalith. The term is from the Greek líthos=stone. [2]