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Sotalol is also a beta blocker [5] Amiodarone has mostly Class III activity, but also I, II, & IV activity [6] Prevent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation [7] and haemodynamically stable ventricular tachycardia [8] (amiodarone) Treat atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation (ibutilide) Treat ventricular tachycardia and atrial fibrillation (sotalol)
Amiodarone may be an acronym [citation needed] for its IUPAC name (2-butyl-1-benzofuran-3-yl)-[4-[2-(diethylamino)ethoxy]-3,5-diiodophenyl]methanone, [100] where ar is a placeholder for phenyl. This is partially supported by dronedarone which is noniodinated benzofuran derivative of amiodarone, where the ar ylmethan one is conserved.
Budiodarone (ATI-2042) is an antiarrhythmic agent and chemical analog of amiodarone that is currently being studied in clinical trials.Amiodarone is considered the most effective antiarrhythmic drug available, [1] [2] [3] but its adverse side effects, including hepatic, pulmonary and thyroid toxicity as well as multiple drug interactions, [4] are discouraging its use.
Amiodarone is also safe to use in individuals with cardiomyopathy and atrial fibrillation, to maintain normal sinus rhythm. Amiodarone prolongation of the action potential is uniform over a wide range of heart rates, so this drug does not have reverse use-dependent action. Amiodarone was the first agent described in this class. [4]
Atrial fibrillation is the most common serious abnormal heart rhythm and, as of 2020, affects more than 33 million people worldwide. [3] [22] As of 2014, it affected about 2 to 3% of the population of Europe and North America. [4] This was an increase from 0.4 to 1% of the population around 2005. [28]
Synchronized electrical cardioversion is used to treat hemodynamically unstable supraventricular (or narrow complex) tachycardias, including atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. It is also used in the emergent treatment of wide complex tachycardias, including ventricular tachycardia , when a pulse is present.
Defibrillation threshold indicates the minimum amount of energy needed to return normal rhythm to a heart that is beating in a cardiac dysrhythmia.Typical examples are the minimum amount of energy, expressed in joules, delivered by external defibrillator paddles or pads, required to break atrial fibrillation and restore normal sinus rhythm.
The use of atropine, lidocaine, and amiodarone have not been shown to improve survival from cardiac arrest. [115] [116] [81] Atropine is used for symptomatic bradycardia. It is given at a does of 1 mg (iv), and additional 1 mg (iv) doses can be given every 3–5 minutes for a total of 3 mg.