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The geology of South Africa is highly varied including cratons, greenstone belts, large impact craters as well as orogenic belts. The geology of the country is the base for a large mining sector that extracts gold , diamonds, iron and coal from world-class deposits.
A mountain in the Tanqua Karoo, South Africa, with multiple layers of turbidites formed in the south-western portion of the Karoo Sea about 300 million years The rocks of the Ecca Group first appear near Sutherland in its westernmost deposits, and continues east through Laingsburg , Prince Albert , Jansenville , Grahamstown , and up until the ...
A simplified geological map of the outcrops of Karoo Supergroup rocks in Southern Africa. The Beaufort Group is represented by the yellow key on the map. The Beaufort Group is the third of the main subdivisions of the Karoo Supergroup in South Africa .
Opencast mining As of 2011, South Africa produces in excess of 255 million tonnes of coal and consumes almost three-quarters of that domestically. As of 2018, South Africa was the seventh largest producer and consumer of coal in the world. The industry, as of 2015, employs about 80,000 workers, or.5% of total employment, down from a peak in 1981 of 135,000 workers. The coal industry is South ...
[5] [11] This layer of tillite, traces of which can be found over a wide area of Southern Africa, India, and South America provided crucial early evidence in support of the Theory of Continental Drift. In South Africa the layer is known as the Dwyka Group. It is the earliest and lowermost of the Karoo Supergroup of sedimentary deposits. [3] [4]
Economic geology is concerned with earth materials that can be used for economic and industrial purposes. These materials include precious and base metals, nonmetallic minerals and construction-grade stone. Economic geology is a subdiscipline of the geosciences; according to Lindgren (1933) it is “the application of geology”.
The Ellisras Basin is a geological basin that spans the border between South Africa and Botswana, extending west from the town of Lephalale (formerly Ellisras) in Limpopo province. Basin fill consists of sedimentary rocks of the Karoo Supergroup , with maximum thickness of 1,500 metres (4,900 ft).
Geology of South Africa (9 C, 31 P) Geoparks in South Africa (1 P) ... Marine ecoregions of the South African exclusive economic zone; N. Nama Karoo; Natal, South ...